This guide discusses 15 civil and criminal penalties the IRS frequently imposes on individuals and small businesses and shows how taxpayers can seek redress. The penalties discussed apply to a broad range of transgressions including a failure to file or pay taxes, understating earnings, and valuation misstatements as well as fraud and willful tax evasion. This book provides readers with the information they need to successfully appeal the charges brought against them. It includes the forms and rationales necessary for contestation, pertinent tax law, exceptions and bases for relief, and information on how to navigate within the IRS bureaucracy.